The 500 code, in conjunction with the other fuel system related codes, would lead me to check the grounds, and make sure you have all the electrical plugs on the fuel system cleaned, coated with dielectric grease, and properly seated.

What is happening is the ECM/PCM is seeing the signal from the speedometer feed as being outside the range that corresponds to the crankshaft speed. That will generate a number of fuel system codes, because the system gets confused and does not know why it cannot properly compensate.

The filter may or may not contribute to the error problem, and without a fuel pressure gauge installed on the output side of your filter it is impossible to know.

 

Your fuel filter can get plugged from one bad tank of fuel.
I know a guy who ran his 66,000 miles. Changed it with the VP-44 and lift pump.